KNOWLEDGE OF SEXUAL WITH ANTICIPATION OF THE RISK OF SEXUAL VIOLENCE IN ADOLESCENTS IN DISASTER-PRONE AREAS

The high number of cases of sexual violence that occur in public and private environments is used as a vigilance for parents and the community, especially adolescent girls who are vulnerable to being targeted by sexual violence. Sexual knowledge is very helpful in providing insight to adolescents to avoid the negative impact of sex and avoid the occurrence of sexual violence. The purpose is to find out knowledge about sexual by anticipating the risk of sexual violence in disaster-prone areas. Research quantitatively with correlational descriptive with a cross sectional approach. The population was 156 respondents at SMA 1 Cangkringan students. Technique proportionate startified random sampling with a sample of 67 respondents, Questionnaire instrument analyzed using Somers'd test. The results showed that most respondents had knowledge of the good category of 49 respondents (73.1%), and most of the respondents had an anticipatory attitude in the good category of 39 respondents (58.2%). And the p-value of 0.000 (p<0.05) with a correlation coefficient value of 0.7 which has a positive relationship or direction. There is a relationship of sexual knowledge with anticipation of the risk of sexual violence in adolescents in disaster-prone areas. Teenagers are expected to always be vigilant and do not be afraid to report to parents or authorities if they experience sexual violence.


INTRODUCTION
Adolescents will experience rapid growth and development including changes in reproductive function (Sembayang, 2018). Indonesia has a population of 270,203,917 of which two-thirds are productive age, namely aged 10 to 19 years spread throughout Indonesia (UNICEF, 2021). The Special Region of Yogyakarta has around 24.8% with the age of children who are 0-17 years old (KPPPA, 2019). From the results of the 2020 population census, it is known that the total population of Yogyakarta is 3,668,719 with a presentation of 70.04% being of productive age (BPS, 2021).
Adolescence begins from puberty until it reaches maturity, ranging from the age of 10 years to the age of 20 years. Adolescents are one of the most productive ages and this time adolescents will experience changes in physical, social, and psychological (Mayangsari, Febriyanti, & Primadevi, 2021).
According to Rokom (2018) physical changes in adolescents are so rapid compared to psychiatric changes, that they make adolescents feel indecisive. The physical transformation that exists in adolescents can be seen from the signs of primary sex changes such as menstruation experienced by adolescent girls and alkaline dreams experienced by adolescent boys. In secondary sex changes, adolescent girls will experience changes such as enlargement of the breasts or breasts, dilated pelvis, and the appearance of feathers around the genitals. Transformations in the vocal cords, the appearance of lekum, penises, and testicles increasing in size, muscle growth, and growth of hair in the pubic area are secondary changes experienced by adolescent boys.
Knowledge plays an important role in helping adolescents understand the changes that occur, and can provide an understanding of adolescent curiosity related to the encouragement of sexual behavior so as not to cause negative impacts. There are a number of factors that can affect knowledge including internal factors, namely education, employment, and age. External factors include environmental and socio-cultural (Wawan & Dewi, 2010). One of the internal factors that affect knowledge is education, where the higher a person's education, the better the knowledge. Sexual education is needed by adolescents, but in Indonesia providing information or education about sexuality is still taboo and cannot be done by parents. Lack of knowledge related to the development of sexuality can be caused by not obtaining educational information from parents (Pramitraresthi, et al, 2021) Usfinit & Kusuma (2017) obtained the results of a meaningful relationship between the level of knowledge of sex and sexual behavior (0.000 < 0.05). Sexual knowledge can help adolescents avoid the occurrence of sexual violence such as rape, sexual abuse, sexual exploitation, and violence in dating (Al Khanif & Wiratratman, 2017). In line with the research of Audina and Tianingrum (2019) there is a relationship between knowledge of sexuality and sexual harassment.
According to the National Community of Women (2021) cases of sexual violence in the private domain reached 1,983 with a percentage of 30%, while in the public domain it reached 21% or 1,731 cases. In cases of sexual violence reached 962 or 55%, rape 229 cases, obscenity 166 cases, sexual abuse 181 cases, copulation 5 cases, and attempted rape 10 cases.
Sexual violence can occur anywhere and anytime, such as in disasterprone areas or when disasters occur. When disasters occur, it is particularly risky for women, especially children, and adolescents, who are displaced to become victims of human trafficking, sexual exploitation, sexual abuse, sexual violence, and forced labor (UNICEF, 2020).
There were several cases of sexuality that occurred in the aftermath of the disaster, including the tsunami natural disaster that hit Aceh in 2004, there were around 97 cases of gender-based violence (Syakur, 2018). There were 3 cases of rape in Padang that occurred in the refugee tents of earthquake victims in Padang, West Sumatra Meanwhile, Circle Study for Women (LIBU) received around 42 complaints of gender-based violence found in six womenfriendly tents in Palu and surrounding areas. In addition, cases of rape occur in 13-yearolds committed by 16-year-old teenage boys (Amindoni, 2019).
One of the provinces in Indonesia that has an active mountain is the Yogyakarta Special Region, precisely in Sleman Regency. Districts that connect the Merapi mountain area include Tempel District, Turi District, Pakem District, and Cangkringan District. One of the schools located in Cangkrinagn District is SMA Negeri 1 Cangkringan with a distance of approximately 13 km, where Cangkringan District is a ring belt or danger zone area of Mount Merapi.
Based on the results of a preliminary study in May at SMA Negeri 1 Cangkringan questionnaire given to 15 female students, it was found that 19.4% of female students had knowledge of sexuality and 17.9% of female students had attitudes in the category sufficient to prevent violence. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between knowledge about sexual anticipation of the risk of sexual violence in adolescents in disaster-prone areas. There were several cases of sexuality that occurred in the aftermath of the disaster, including the tsunami natural disaster that hit.

METHOD
This type of research is quantitative with a correlational descriptive research design through a current or cross-sectional approach. The research was conducted at SMA Negeri 1 Cangkringan, Sleman Regency. Data retrieval in May 2022 with a total sampling of 67 respondents. The data collection tool used a 17-question sexual knowledge questionnaire and a 20-question sexual violence prevention questionnaire. Data analysis using the Somers'd test. This research has received ethical feasibility approval from the research ethics committee of the Faculty of Health General Achmad Yani Yogyakarta with the Number Skep/102/KEPK/V/2022. Based on table 1 above, it is known that the results of the study were mostly aged 17-19 years as much as 52.2%, the education level of most respondents of class XI was 52.2% and most respondents were religious Islam, which was 97.5%. Based on tabel 3, it is known that the anticipation of the risk of sexual violence in adolescents in disaster-prone areas mostly has an anticipatory attitude in the good category of 58.2%. Based on table 4 above, it was found that most respondents had good knowledge anticipation of the risk of sexual violence, namely 37 people (55.2%) with a p = 0.000 (p < 0.05), and a correlation co-efficiency value of 0.7 in the strong category in the range of 0.60-0.799. Indicates the direction of the + (positive) relationship, which means that the higher the knowledge about sexuality, the higher the anticipation of the risk of sexual violence in adolescents in disaster-prone areas.

Knowledge of sexuality in disaster-prone areas
The results of the study obtained on knowledge about sexuality, most respondents had knowledge in the good category as much as 73.1%. There were 22.4% of respondents who had knowledge about sexuality in the sufficient category and 4.5% who had knowledge of sexuality in the less category.
Respondents who lack knowledge about sexuality can be seen from the respondents' answers to the questionnaire given, namely in the questionnaire knowledge about sexual item question number 17 there were 29.9% of respondents answered that kissing does not include sexual behavior. These results show that adolescents cannot distinguish between kissing and sexual behavior, while activities such as kissing are included in sexual behaviors supported by the opinion of Afriani (2022) that holding hands, kissing, and hugging is one of the sexual behaviors where this activity can be continued up to oral sex and intercourse. This opinion is in line with research conducted by Nurdianti (2021) obtained results x² = 15.922 p-value 0.003<0.05 where there is a relationship between knowledge and sexual behavior.
According to Notoadmojo (2018), one the factors that can affect knowledge are age and level of education. This research was conducted in grades 10-11 majoring in social studies and mathematics, the results of data collection were more obtained from grade 11 with a total of 52.2%. The highest age the percentage at the age of 17-19 years is 52.2%, whereas at this age it is in the late adolescence stage towards adulthood so that the reproductive organs have developed actively and their sense of sensitivity about sexuality will increase. This research is supported by Fauziah's research (2017) obtained results of 42.8% that age and education level influence premarital sexual behavior. This result is in line with Baharudin's research (2020) obtained results that the science and social studies majors have no significant differences, and the average score results are not too high from the two majors regarding sexual knowledge.
Other factors that can influence knowledge about sexuality include parent-child relationships, social environments that are very influential in the social development of adolescents, religious understanding, and information media (Pebrianti & Maryanti, 2021). In line with Septiani's research (2021) using the literature study method, it was found that the relationship between parents and children can be well established by providing free time to communicate with families, especially children, creating an attitude of openness, mutual respect, and respect, and providing support to children. In addition, the understanding of religion is an internal factor that can influence sexual knowledge, where religion can help a person protect himself from negative impacts and is an ideal defense for humans so that they can distinguish between good and bad (Wahyuni et al, 2021).

Anticipate the risk of sexual violence in disaster-prone areas
The results of the study on anticipating the risk of violence in disasterprone areas found that most respondents had anticipation in the good category of 39 respondents (58.2%), anticipation in the sufficient category of 35 (37.3%) and anticipation in less category, namely 3 respondents (4.5%). Respondents who had a less anticipatory attitude could be seen from the lowest answers on the questionnaire question items. Where in question item number 5 there were 22 respondents (32.8%) who answered that courtship would not cause violence. However, violence can occur anywhere, anytime, and whoever the victim and perpetrator are. Violence in relationships or courtship is likely to occur, violence in courtship can be known as dating violence where violence in the form of physical violence, emotional violence, sexual violence that may not be avoided, economic violence, and violence limiting activities (KPPA, 2018).
The results of this study are supported by Delfina's research (2021) obtained by respondents with good anticipation of as much as 150 (67.2%) and less anticipation of the risk of sexual violence by as many as 6 respondents (6.25%). With the number of cases of sexual violence that occur in the private and public spheres, it is necessary to increase vigilance when outside the environment or with the closest people who are likely to be a factor in the occurrence of sexual violence, so that high anticipation results are better in avoiding sexual violence.
According to Susanty (2021) violence can be prevented and overcome through internal and external measures. Prevention on internal measures is the prevention or vigilance of the adolescent itself. Meanwhile, in external steps, it can be through the provision of reproductive education from teachers or parents. The role of parents in providing advice regarding sexual knowledge to adolescents is very important, but not all parents can explain or be able to provide information related to sexual knowledge on the grounds that adolescents are too early to know what sex really is. This result is in line with Fisnawati's research (2018) obtained a p-value result of 0.043 < 0.05, hence the relationship between parental knowledge and sexual violence prevention.
The results of this study show that the prevention of sexual violence can be supported by adolescents themselves by studying martial arts and can reject the invitation of someone who is likely to potentially cause sexual violence. Maintaining appearance such as not wearing clothes that can stimulate sexual desire, carrying tools or items that can serve as protection such as perfume spray to save yourself from acts of sexual violence, and not sharing personal information with strangers or social media that may be a factor in sexual violence occurring (Megawati, 2021).

Knowledge of sexual with anticipation of the risk of sexual violence in disasterprone areas
Based on the results of research using the Somers'd Test, shows that there is a meaningful relationship between knowledge of the sexual range and anticipation of the risk of sexual violence in disaster-prone areas with a p-value of 0.000 (p<0.005). The value of the correlation coefficient is 0.7 which indicates a strong category with a range (0.60-0.799). From these results, it can be interpreted that H₀ is rejected so that it can be concluded that there is a relationship between knowledge about sexuality and anticipation of the risk of sexual violence in adolescents in disaster-prone areas so that it can be interpreted that the hypothesis of this study is acceptable.
This result was supported by research conducted by Nugrahmi & Febria (2020) using the chi-square test, it was found that with a p-value of 0.022 there was a relationship between knowledge and attitudes to prevent sexual violence. Knowledge can help a person to understand an object, which is where knowledge is obtained when a person uses his senses and reason to recognize events or a person's curiosity to know something that he has never felt or seen before (Notoatmodjo, 2014). The high relationship in this study is influenced by several factors such as age and education which can affect a person's knowledge. These results are in line with research conducted by Sari & Nur'aini (2018) obtained the results of the relationship between knowledge, attitudes, level of education, economic level, sources of information, and experience of getting an education with the role of parents.

CONCLUSION
Most of the respondents had knowledge about sexuality in disaster-prone areas in the good category of 49 respondents (73.1%). Anticipatory attitudes towards the risk of sexual violence in disaster-prone areas, most respondents were in the good category of 39 respondents (58.2%). There is a relationship between knowledge about sexuality and anticipation of the risk of sexual violence in adolescents in disaster-prone areas shown by a p-value of 0.000 (p<0.05) and a close relationship in the strong category (0.7). Teenagers are expected to always remain vigilant and do not be afraid to report to parents or parties who are required if they experience sexual violence.