LATIHAN OTOT BERPENGARUH TERHADAP KADAR GLUKOSA DARAH PADA PASIEN DIABETES MELITUS / MUSCLE EXERCISE EFFECTS ON BLOOD GLUCOSE LEVELS IN DIABETES MELLITUS PATIENTS

Abstract

Meningkatnya jumlah penderita diabetes melitus (DM)  yang ditandai dengan peningkatan kadar glukosa darah, dapat disebabkan oleh banyak faktor, seperti;  faktor keturunan/genetik, obesitas, perubahan gaya hidup, pola makan yang salah dan obat-obatan. Kadar glukosa darah pada penderita DM dapat disebabkan karena proses menua, kehamilan, perokok, stres dan  kurangnya aktivitas fisik Latihan otot merupakan latihan fisik bertujuan meningkatkan dan mempertahankan kesegaran tubuh yang dilaksanakan sesuai prinsip F.I.D.J (Frekuensi, Intensitas, Durasi, dan Jenis)  Penelitian ini  dilakukan di Puskesmas II Denpasar Barat bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh latihan otot terhadap kadar glukosa darah pada pasien diabetes mellitus. Desain penelitian ini adalah pre-eksperimental dengan rancangan one group pretest posttest design. Sampel sebanyak 44 orang yang menderita diabetes mellitus. Intervensi diberikan latihan otot 4 kali dalam seminggu dengan durasi 40 menit.  Kadar glukosa darah pada subyek penelitian diabetes mellitus sesudah diberikan latihan otot sebagian mengalami penurunan kadar glukosa darah yaitu sebanyak 42 orang (95,5%) memiliki kadar glukosa darah hipoglikemi (110-144mg/dL), dan sebanyak 2 orang memiliki kadar glukosa darah normal (145-179mg/dL).Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ada pengaruh latihan otot terhadap kadar glukosa darah pada pasien diabetes mellitus di Puskesmas II Denpasar Barat (ρ=0,003) dengan rata-rata kadar glukosa darah sebelum intervensi yaitu 128,75 mg/dl dan setelah intervensi yaitu 114,48 mg/dl. Hasil penelitian ini dapat digunakan untuk mengembangkan promosi kesehatan tentang manfaat latihan otot sebagai salah satu pencegahan terhadap terjadinya komplikasi DM.

Kata kunci: latihan otot; kadar glukosa darah; diabetes melitus

ABSTRACT

The increasing number of people with diabetes mellitus which is characterized by increased blood glucose levels, can be caused by many factors, such as; heredity, obesity, lifestyle changes, wrong diet and drugs. Blood glucose levels in people with diabetes can be caused by the aging process, pregnancy, smoking, stress and lack of physical activity Muscle training is a physical exercise aimed at improving and maintaining body freshness which is carried out according to the principles of Frequency, Intensity, Duration, and Type (F.I.D.J). The research was conducted at Public health center to determine the effect of muscle training on blood glucose levels in diabetes mellitus patients. The research design was pre-experimental with one group pretest posttest design. A sample of 44 people who suffer from diabetes mellitus. The intervention was given muscle training 4 times a week with a duration of 40 minutes.   Blood glucose levels in diabetes mellitus research subjects after being given muscle training partially decreased blood glucose levels, as many as 42 people (95.5%) had hypoglycemic blood glucose levels (110-144mg/dL), and 2 people had normal blood glucose levels. (145-179mg/dL). The results showed that there was an effect of muscle training on blood glucose levels in diabetes mellitus patients at West Denpasar Health Center II (ρ = 0.003) with an average blood glucose level before the intervention that was 128.75 mg / dl and after the intervention was 114.48 mg. / dl. The results of this study can be used to develop health promotion about the benefits of muscle training as a prevention against complications of DM.

Keywords: muscle training; blood glucose levels; diabetes mellitus